Four Article's Review

Ratna Sari

Title: Semantic field, Semantic Relation and Semantic Component

Author: Benedict Orji Ukpabi

Pages: 17

Content:

This discussion about the semantic field, semantic relation and semantic components. It characterized the semantic field.

 Semantic field is a set of words or lexemes related in meaning; also called lexical field, field, or field of meaning. Most often, fields are defined by subject matter, such as body parts, landforms, diseases, colours, foods, or kinship relations.

Semantic Relations, Semantic relations or meaning relations are words that are semantically related to other words.

There are lexical groups or components that made up semantic relation :

1.      Synonym

2.       Antonyms

3.      Polysemy

4.      Antagonymy

5.      Homonymy

6.      Hyponymy/hypernymy

Semantic Components, A semantic component is a potentially contrastive part of the meaning of a lexical unit

Result/Finding:  This study about a set of words or lexemes related in meaning, semantic relations or meaning relations are words that are semantically related to other words. This semantic also about the sinonim,antonyms,polysemy,antagonymy,homonymy,hyponymy, and about the semantic components that part of the meaning of a lexical unit.

Strength and Weakness:

Strange:

This paper is full of explanation and so many examples. The author had completed answer of that three question. I got something new about semantic in this paper beside of my previous review. Now, I know what is semantics field, relation and components. And also we got what the purpose of this learn, advantages and disadvantages used it to describe the meaning of word.  A students who is study about semantic must read this paper. You can get new understanding of semantics in here.

Weakness:

I got a little problem of some word example that is so many new word I did not know the meaning, so if you read this paper you must diligent open your dictionary. But it will help you to improve your English.

Conclusion:

This conclusion article’s we study about the semantic field, lexemes related in meaning.

DESI NORI SAHPUTRI

Judul: Teori Semantik: Kemuliaan dan Keterbatasan

Searcher 1: Saleh Mustafa Ramadhan

Dari: Al-Zaytoonah Universitas Swasta Yordania, Amman, Yordania.

Pencari 2: Taleb I. Ababneh

Dari: Irbid National University-Jordan, Irbid, Yordania.

Halaman: 9

Content:

This articles about the Theories of Semantics. Mainly referential theory of meaning, non– referential theory of meaning and generative grammarian theory of meaning are discussed.

Result/Finding:

Bloomfield (1933) stated that the context of situation was an essential part of meaning. He defined the meaning of a linguistic form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response which it calls forth in the hearer. Palmer(1981) used reference in the sense of non– linguistic world of objects and experiences. In this sense, the word reference is used for the whole network of the contexts of situations in which we live. In other words, both Bloomfield and Palmer focus on the context of situations. Bloomfield also thinks of meaning as something describable in terms of stimuli and responses like Skinner who came after him. Skinner (1957) views meaning as a result of stimuli and responses made by participants in a verbal act of communication.

Strength and Weakness:

So many theories have been interested in the study of meaning. Because of the limited scope of this paper, the discussion will cover some of the well–known theories of meaning formulated in the last century. Mainly referential theory of meaning, non– referential theory of meaning and generative grammarian theory of meaning are discussed. Some assumptions, merits and limitations for each theory are also described.

Conclusion:

The researcher has discussed the main of meaning ,their view about meaning is nearly the same as of the Greekphilosophers. The only new thing they added is that it is the human mind that links an object.

ANNISA SEPTIANI

Title          : Modern Linguistics Semantics

Author      : Kate Kearns,Senior Lecturer, Department of Linguistics.

From         : University of Canterbury New Zealand.

Upload      : Pooja Saikia

Content:

Semantics deals with the literal meaning of words and the meaning of the way they are combined, which taken together form the core of meaning,  or the starting point from which the whole meaning of a particular utterance is constructed.

Result/finding:

This article present the kinds of meaning:

1.      Denotation and sense

The general point is that linguistic expressions are linked in virtue of their meaning to parts of the world around us, which is the basis of our use of language to convey information about reality. The denotation of an expression is the part of reality the expression is linked to.

The second way of giving the meaning of a word, commonly used in dictionaries, is to paraphrase it,

The most widely discussed form of the sense/denotation distinction is the means‘the blue train’ is to say that the French expression and the English expression have the same sense.sense/reference distinction. An expression which denotes just one individual is said to refer to that individual. Titles and proper names are common referring expressions

2.      Lexical and Structural Meaning

lexical meaning, which is the meaning of the individual words.

Structural meaning mainly comprises the meaning derived from the syntactic structure of an expression, for example: , which is the meaning of the way the words are combined.

3.      Categorematic expressions, which include the vast majority of words, are the descriptive words such as nouns, adjectives and verbs.

Strengthness and Weakness

Strength : You can know more about modern linguistic especially semantics by read this. And the example is enough to make us understands. And there are some tips that have given by authors.

Weakness : this article too long and very tedious to read.

Conclusion

From this article we know Current research suggests that the generalization expressed in any version of thematic roles theory is basically correct – arguments of verbs do fall into broad semantic classes, although the relevant classes are not always those identified by the traditional thematic relations introduced here.

SUSI LESTARI

Title          : Frame semantics a brief introduction

Author      : Diego Gavagna

From         : Aarhus University, 2013

Pages        : 12

Content

It tries to give a comprehensive explanation on how meanings are structured and associated to words in a semantic structure and how these provide access to our conceptual system, the inventory of structured knowledge that we use to navigate the world.This view gives account for relations between words that cannot just be ascribed to structural semantic relations like hyponymy, synonymy orantonymy. Instead, it describes the interdependencies between words based on background knowledge that humans acquire through experience and store in long-term memory.

Result/Findings

Frame semantics can be thought of as the effort to understand what reason a speech community might have found for creating the category represented by the word, and to explain the word’s meaning by presenting and clarifying that reason.

From these word, beside the systemic interrelations between words and between the respective underlying concepts, emerges one further characteristic of frame semantics,namely, that knowledge is grounded in human interaction with others and with the world.Thus, frames are prior expectations and knowledge about the world that is the whole time strengthen, weakened and transformed according to the information our brain receives from the perceptive senses.

So that boy would be defined as [human], [male], [young]. girl would be described as [human],[minus male], [young].The necessary and sufficient condition for it would be [human],[male], [adult], [minus married]. However this definition would include as bachelor also the Pope, proving that the accuracy of the definition is strongly undermined.

Strength and Weakness

Strength :  the author analysis is something new that we found of many article about semantic. I am so interested with the Frame semantics. The example is great. There are some pictures here. The letter that author used is so neat and will be easy to understand.

Weakness: the author said his dissertation is can not be considered exhaustive, but he have tried to give described the main terms of the theory.

Conclusion

Many other authors have developed this framework, including the remarkable attempt by Lakoff & Johnson in describing the concept of reframing in political discourse based on frame semantics’ approach and the role of metaphors and metonymy in natural languages. Lakoff’s approach is particularly interesting because it is not just an analytical framework but very much also a set of practical tools usable in everyday life.Another important contribution is the one proposed by Fauconier and Turner describing the characteristics of mental spaces that pose the ground for blending theory.

This article give an account for frame semantics approach to knowledge representations as described by Fillmore and the researchers that have developed his approach, including Langacker’s domains’ description and Barsalou perceptual symbols.